There are several key concepts that form the basics of programming. Here are a few of them:
- Algorithms: An algorithm is a set of instructions that can be executed by a computer to perform a specific task. Algorithms are fundamental to programming, as they provide a way to solve problems using code.
- Data types: A data type is a category of data that defines the type of value that a variable can hold. Common data types include integers, floating-point numbers, and strings.
- Variables: A variable is a named storage location in memory that can be used to store a value of a specific data type.
- Control structures: Control structures are used to control the flow of execution of a program. They include things like if-else statements, loops, and functions.
- Loops: Loops are used to execute a block of code multiple times. The two main types of loops are for loops and while loops.
- Functions: Functions are a way to organize code into reusable blocks. Functions allow you to group together a set of statements that perform a specific task, and then call those statements as needed.
- Arrays: An array is a data structure that holds a collection of items of the same data type.
- Classes and Objects: Classes and objects are fundamental concepts in object-oriented programming. A class defines the properties and methods of an object, and an object is an instance of a class.
- Input and Output: This is about getting input from user, reading/writing from files, accessing web-services and displaying output in a meaningful way
These concepts form the foundation of programming and are common to many programming languages. However, the specifics of how these concepts are implemented can vary from language to language.
Once you have a basic understanding of these concepts, you can start learning a specific programming language and building simple programs.